Freenas Virtio Drivers

A guide to selecting and building FreeNAS hardware, written by the FreeNAS Team, is long past overdue by now. For that, we apologize. The issue was the depth and complexity of the subject, as you’ll see by the extensive nature of this four part guide, due to the variety of ways FreeNAS can be utilized. There is no “one-size-fits-all” hardware recipe. Instead, there is a wealth of hardware available, with various levels of compatibility with FreeNAS, and there are many things to take into account beyond the basic components, from use case and application to performance, reliability, redundancy, capacity, budget, need for support, etc. This document draws on years of experience with FreeNAS, ZFS, and the OS that lives underneath FreeNAS, FreeBSD.

Its purpose is to give guidance on intelligently selecting hardware for use with the FreeNAS storage operating system, taking the complexity of its myriad uses into account, as well as providing some insight into both pathological and optimal configurations for ZFS and FreeNAS. A word about software defined storage: FreeNAS is an implementation of Software Defined Storage; although software and hardware are both required to create a functional system, they are decoupled from one another. We develop and provide the software and leave the hardware selection to the user. Implied in this model is the fact that there are a lot of moving pieces in a storage device (figuratively, not literally). Although these parts are all supposed to work together, the reality is that all parts have firmware, many devices require drivers, and the potential for there to be subtle (or gross) incompatibilities is always present. Best Practices ECC RAM or Not?

This is probably the most contested issue surrounding ZFS (the filesystem that FreeNAS uses to store your data) today. I’ve run ZFS with ECC RAM and I’ve run it without. I’ve been involved in the FreeNAS community for many years and have seen people argue that ECC is required and others argue that it is a pointless waste of money. ZFS does something no other filesystem you’ll have available to you does: it checksums your data, and it checksums the metadata used by ZFS, and it checksums the checksums. If your data is corrupted in memory before it is written, ZFS will happily write (and checksum) the corrupted data. Additionally, ZFS has no pre-mount consistency checker or tool that can repair filesystem damage.

This is very nice when dealing with large storage arrays as a 64TB pool can be mounted in seconds, even after a bad shutdown. However if a non-ECC memory module goes haywire, it can cause irreparable damage to your ZFS pool that can cause complete loss of the storage.

For this reason, I highly recommend the use of ECC RAM with “mission-critical” ZFS. Systems with ECC RAM will correct single bit errors on the fly, and will halt the system before they can do any damage to the array if multiple bit errors are detected. If it’s imperative that your ZFS based system must always be available, ECC RAM is a requirement. If it’s only some level of annoying (slightly, moderately) that you need to restore your ZFS system from backups, non-ECC RAM will fit the bill.

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